As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 11, 2016

Registration No. 333-      

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM S-8

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

ONCONOVA THERAPEUTICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

375 Pheasant Run
Newtown, PA 18940

(Address, including zip code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

ONCONOVA THERAPEUTICS, INC. 2013 EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN

(Full title of the plan)

With copies to:

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

(1)         Represents shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Registrant (the “Common Stock”) that were automatically added to the shares authorized for issuance under the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. 2013 Equity Compensation Plan (the “Plan”), on January 1, 2016 pursuant to an “evergreen” provision contained in the Plan.  Pursuant to such provision, on January 1 of each year until 2023, the number of shares authorized for issuance under the Plan is automatically increased by a number equal to the lesser of (a) a number of shares of Common Stock equal to four percent (4%) of the issued and outstanding Common Stock, without duplication, (b) 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock and (c) such lesser number as determined by the board of directors of the Registrant.  Pursuant to Rule 416 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), this registration statement shall also cover any additional shares of Common Stock which become issuable under the Plan by reason of any stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization or other similar transaction effected without the receipt of consideration which results in an increase in the number of the outstanding shares of the Registrant.

(2)         Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rules 457(c) and 457(h) of the Securities Act. The price per share and aggregate offering price are calculated on the basis of $0.49, the average of the high and low price of the Common Stock as reported on the NASDAQ Capital Market on April 5, 2016.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This Registration Statement is being filed for the purpose of registering an additional 1,018,567 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Registrant”) that were added to the shares authorized for issuance under the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. 2013 Equity Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) for which Registration Statements on Form S-8 relating to the same employee benefit plan are effective.

The Registrant previously filed Registration Statements on Form S-8 (File Nos. 333-191161, 333-194228 and 333-204210) with the Commission to register an aggregate of 7,834,656 shares of Common Stock that were authorized for issuance under the Plan. Upon the effectiveness of this Registration Statement, an aggregate of 8,853,223 shares of Common Stock will be registered for issuance from time to time under the Plan. Pursuant to General Instruction E to Form S-8, the contents of the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (File Nos. 333-191161, 333-194228 and 333-204210) filed with the Commission on September 13, 2013, February 28, 2014 and May 15, 2015 are incorporated herein by reference except to the extent supplemented, amended or superseded by the information set forth herein. Only those items of Form S-8 containing new information not contained in the earlier Registration Statements are presented herein.

ITEM 8. EXHIBITS.

The Exhibit Index immediately preceding the signature page is incorporated herein by reference.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-8 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of Newtown, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on the 11th day of April, 2016.

POWER OF ATTORNEY

We, the undersigned officers and directors of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc., hereby severally constitute and appoint Ramesh Kumar, Ph.D. and Mark Guerin, and each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them, and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the registration statement on Form S-8 filed herewith and any and all subsequent amendments to said registration statement, and generally to do all such things in our names and on our behalf in our capacities as officers and directors to enable Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said registration statement and any and all amendments thereto.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

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EXHIBITS INDEX

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Exhibit 5.1

Suite 400

301 Carnegie Center

Princeton, NJ 08543-5276

609.452.0808

Fax 609.452.1147

April 11, 2016

Onconova Therapeutics, Inc.

375 Pheasant Run

Newtown, PA 18940

Re:                  Registration Statement on Form S-8

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Reference is made to the registration statement on Form S-8 (the “Registration Statement”) of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), filed on the date hereof with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”). The Registration Statement covers an aggregate of 1,018,567 shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), issuable under the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. 2013 Equity Compensation Plan (the “Plan”).

We have examined the Registration Statement, including the exhibits thereto, the originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of the Tenth Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, the Plan and such other documents as we have deemed appropriate in rendering this opinion. As to matters of fact, we have relied on representations of officers of the Company. In our examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us, other than by the Company or its officers, as originals and the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as copies of originals. Based on the foregoing, we are of the opinion that the Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Plan, will be legally issued, fully paid and non-assessable. This opinion is being furnished to you solely for submission to the Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and, accordingly, may not be relied upon, quoted in any manner to, or delivered to any other person or entity, without in each instance our prior written consent.

We express no opinion herein as to the law of any state or jurisdiction other than the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, including statutory provisions and all applicable provisions of the State of Delaware and reported judicial decisions interpreting such laws of the State of Delaware and the federal laws of the United States of America.

We assume no obligation to supplement this opinion if any applicable law changes after the date hereof or if we become aware of any fact that might change the opinion expressed herein after the date hereof.

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules or regulations of the Commission thereunder.

Exhibit 23.2

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (Form S-8) filed on April 11, 2016 pertaining to the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. 2013 Equity Compensation Plan of our report dated March 28, 2016 with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc., included in its Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

April 11, 2016