July 24, 2024

Werner Cautreels
Chief Executive Officer
Traws Pharma, Inc.
12 Penns Trail
Newtown, PA 18940

       Re: Traws Pharma, Inc.
           Preliminary Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A
           Filed June 27, 2024
           File No. 001-36020
Dear Werner Cautreels:

       We have reviewed your filing and have the following comments.

       Please respond to this letter within ten business days by providing the
requested
information or advise us as soon as possible when you will respond. If you do
not believe a
comment applies to your facts and circumstances, please tell us why in your
response.

       After reviewing your response to this letter, we may have additional
comments.

Preliminary Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A
Description of the Transactions
Acquisition of Trawsfynydd, page 11

1.     Please revise this section, where appropriate, to disclose the operating
plan for the
       business in the near term as well as the intended uses of the proceeds
raised through the
       merger and concurrent financing. State the principal purposes and the
approximate
       amount intended to be used for each such purpose.
2.     You state that in connection with the merger you issued
non-transferrable contingent
       value rights (CVRs) to your stockholders of record as of the close of
business of April 15,
       2024 who will be entitled to receive certain stock and/or cash payments
from proceeds
       received by you, if any, related to the disposition or monetization of
your legacy assets.
       Please identify the legacy assets referenced, as you do on page 16, and
discuss any plan to
       dispose of or monetize each asset.
3.     We note you discuss the merger consideration that was issued and
delivered by the
       company to stockholders of Trawsfynydd. Please also include a
discussion, where
       appropriate, to identify all assets acquired by you from Trawsfyndd as
part of the
 July 24, 2024
Page 2

       acquisition. In this regard, we note you plan to advance development of
tivoxavir
       marboxil (TRX100) and ratutrelvir (TRX01), which were acquired as part
of the merger.
Opinion of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc.'s Financial Advisor, page 25

4.     We note that Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. retained H.C. Wainwright & Co.
to render an
       opinion to the Onconova board of directors as to the fairness, from a
financial point of
       view, to Onconova of the exchange ratio pursuant to the merger
agreement. Please
       include, where appropriate, any conclusions Wainwright & Co. reached as
to the
       exchange ratio.
Description of Business
Our Portfolio/ Product Candidates/ Compounds, page 38

5.     We note the following statements in relation to tivoxavir marboxil and
ratutrelvir, both of
       which were acquired in the merger:
           "Tivoxavir marboxil has completed a first Phase 1 study that
generally demonstrated
           safety and tolerability in healthy volunteers."
           "We believe ratutrelvir may be effective against the original,
delta, and omicron
           variants of SARS-CoV-2, with potentially superior properties to
nirmatrelvir (Pfizer   s
           Mpro inhibitor, PAXLOVID   )."
       Please revise these statements to remove the implications of safety and
efficacy, as such
       determinations are within the sole purview of the FDA. You may present
clinical trial end
       points and objective data resulting from trials without concluding
safety and efficacy, and
       you may state that your product candidates are well tolerated, if
accurate. In addition, to
       the extent head-to-head trials have not been conducted, please remove
comparisons to
       other approved products.
6.     You state that you have completed a first Phase 1 study of tivoxavir
marboxil that also
       provided pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics data. Please expand your
description
       of this trial to provide specific details, parameters and results,
including, to the extent
       applicable:
           dates of the trial and location(s);
           identity of trial sponsor(s);
           trial design;
           patient information (e.g., number of patients enrolled and treated
and the criteria for
           participation in the study);
           duration of treatment and dosage information;
           primary and secondary endpoints; and
           discussion of results, including adverse events and serious adverse
events, if any.
7.     We note your statement that trivoxavir marboxil is a "cap-dependent
endonuclease
       inhibitor" intended to inhibit influenza virus replications. We also
note your disclosure
       that ratutrelvir is an "Mpro protease inhibitor" intended for the
treatment of COVID19.
       Where appropriate, please explain "cap-dependent endonuclease
inhibitors" and "Mpro
       protease inhibitors" in plain English.
8.     You state that you plan to develop Ratutrelvir (TRX01) which does not
require co-
 July 24, 2024
Page 3

       administration with a human cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitor such as
ritonavir, avoiding
       potential significant drug-on-drug interactions, with the opportunity to
expand the number
       of eligible patients. Please discuss the basis for such claims and if
you have conducted any
       studies or clinical trials to date.
Information Incorporated by Reference, page 58

9.     The pro forma financial information included as Exhibit 99.3 to your
amended Form 8-K
       dated June 17, 2024 indicates that Traws Pharma was determined to be the
accounting
       acquirer in the share exchange agreement with Trawsfynydd and that the
merger was
       accounted for as an asset acquisition as the primary assets acquired
consisted of cash and
       in-process research and development (IPR&D) and the assets acquired did
not include any
       processes, such as an organized workforce. Please provide us with a
detailed analysis
       explaining how you determined the accounting acquirer in this
transaction, considering
       the guidance in ASC 805-10-55-10 through 55-15. In this regard, your
disclosure on page
       26 indicates that the stockholders of Trawsfynydd immediately prior to
the merger will
       own 75.3% of the outstanding equity of Traws Pharma (formerly Onconova)
on a fully
       diluted basis immediately following the closing and after giving effect
to the concurrent
       financing transaction. Further, the inclusion of contingent value rights
(CVRs) in the
       transaction raises the question as to whether you plan to dispose of or
monetize your
       legacy assets. Please explain how this factored into your analysis.
        We remind you that the company and its management are responsible for
the accuracy
and adequacy of their disclosures, notwithstanding any review, comments, action
or absence of
action by the staff.

       Please contact Christine Torney at 202-551-3652 or Angela Connell at
202-551-3426 if
you have questions regarding comments on the financial statements and related
matters. Please
contact Doris Stacey Gama at 202-551-3188 or Laura Crotty at 202-551-7614 with
any other
questions.



                                                            Sincerely,

                                                            Division of
Corporation Finance
                                                            Office of Life
Sciences
cc:   Joanne R. Soslow